PyInstaller comes with pre-compiled bootloaders for some platforms inthe bootloader folder of the distribution folder.When there is no pre-compiled bootloader forthe current platform (operating-system and word-size),the pip setup will attempt to build one.

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MinGW provides a complete Open Source programming tool set which is suitable for the development of native MS-Windows applications, and which do not depend on any 3rd-party C-Runtime DLLs. (It does depend on a number of DLLs provided by Microsoft themselves, as components of the operating system; most notable among these is MSVCRT.DLL, the. RetroArch can run on the usual platforms like Windows, Mac OS X and Linux, but it stands alone in that it can support far more platforms beyond just that. We support operating systems that not even Microsoft and Apple themselves support anymore, such as macOS X on PowerPC Macs, and RetroArch being available on Windows OSes as far back as.

1. MinGW is a POSIX compatibility layer for Windows. Mac OSX is a POSIX system, so you can just use g. If it doesn't already come with the system, you can download and install it without any trouble from here. The only problem is that there might be subtle differences in how MinGW and a.
2. Mac OS X: SDL2-2.0.12.dmg. Linux: Please contact your distribution maintainer for updates. Development Libraries: Windows: SDL2-devel-2.0.12-VC.zip (Visual C 32/64-bit) SDL2-devel-2.0.12-mingw.tar.gz (MinGW 32/64-bit) Mac OS X: SDL2-2.0.12.dmg.

If there is no precompiled bootloader for your platform,or if you want to modify the bootloader source,you need to build the bootloader.To do this,

• Download and install Python, which is required for running waf,
• git clone or download the source (see theDownload section on the web-site),
• cd into the folder where you cloned or unpacked the source to,
• cdbootloader, and
• make the bootloader with: python./wafall,
• test the build by ref:running (parts of) the test-suite<running-the-test-suite>.

This will produce the bootloader executables for your current platform(of course, for Windows these files will have the .exe extension):

• ../PyInstaller/bootloader/OS_ARCH/run,
• ../PyInstaller/bootloader/OS_ARCH/run_d,
• ../PyInstaller/bootloader/OS_ARCH/runw (OS X and Windows only), and
• ../PyInstaller/bootloader/OS_ARCH/runw_d (OS X and Windows only).

The bootloaders architecture defaults to the machine’s one, but can be changedusing the --target-arch= option – given the appropriate compiler anddevelopment files are installed. E.g. to build a 32-bit bootloader on a 64-bitmachine, run:

If this reports an error, read the detailed notes that follow,then ask for technical help.

Supported platforms are

• GNU/Linux (using gcc)
• Windows (using Visual C++ or MinGW’s gcc)
• Mac OX X (using clang)

Contributed platforms are

• AIX (using gcc or xlc)
• HP-UX (using gcc or xlc)
• Solaris

For more information about cross-building please read onand mind the section about the virtual machinesprovided in the Vagrantfile.

Building for GNU/Linux¶

Development Tools¶

For building the bootloader you’ll need a development environment.You can run the following to install everything required:

• On Debian- or Ubuntu-like systems:

• On Fedora, RedHat and derivates:

• For other Distributions please consult the distributions documentation.

Now you can build the bootloader as shown above.

Alternatively you may want to use the linux64 build-guestprovided by the Vagrantfile (see below).

Building Linux Standard Base (LSB) compliant binaries (optional)¶

By default, the bootloaders on GNU/Linux are ”normal“, non-LSB binaries, whichshould be fine for all GNU/Linux distributions.

If for some reason you want to build Linux Standard Base (LSB) compliantbinaries [1], you can do so by specifying --lsb on the waf command line,as follows:

LSB version 4.0 is required for successfully building of bootloader. Pleaserefer to python./waf--help for further options related to LSB building.

Building for Mac OS X¶

On Mac OS X please install Xcode, Apple’s suite of tools for developingsoftware for Mac OS X.This will get you the clang compiler.Any version suitable for your platform should be fine.Xcode can be also installed from your Mac OS X Install DVD.

Now you can build the bootloader as shown above.

Alternatively you may want to use the darwin64 build-guestprovided by the Vagrantfile (see below).

By default, the build script targets Mac OSX 10.7, which can be overridden byexporting the MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET environment variable.

Cross-Building for Mac OS X¶

For cross-compiling for OS X you need the Clang/LLVM compiler, thecctools (ld, lipo, …), and the OSX SDK. Clang/LLVM is a cross compiler bydefault and is available on nearly every GNU/Linux distribution, so you justneed a proper port of the cctools and the OS X SDK.

This is easy to get and needs to be done only once and the result can betransferred to you build-system. The build-system can then be a normal(somewhat current) GNU/Linux system. [2]

Preparation: Get SDK and Build-tools¶

For preparing the SDK and building the cctools, we use the very helpfulscripts from the OS X Cross <https://github.com/tpoechtrager/osxcross>toolchain. If you re interested in the details, and what other features OS XCross offers, please refer to it’s homepage.

Side-note: For actually accessing the OS X disk image file (.dmg),darling-dmg is used. It allowsmounting .dmg s under GNU/Linux via FUSE.

For saving you reading OSXCross’ documentation we prepared a virtual boxdescription performing all required steps.If you are interested in the precise commands, please refer topackages_osxcross_debianoid, prepare_osxcross_debianiod, andbuild_osxcross in the Vagrantfile.

Please proceed as follows:

1. Download XCode 7.3.x<https://developer.apple.com/downloads/index.action?name=Xcode%207.3 andsave it to bootloader/sdks/osx/. You will need to register anApple ID, for which you may use a disposable e-mail-address, to searchand download the files.

   Please make sure that you are complying to the license of the respectivepackage.

2. Use the Vagrantfile to automatically build the SDK and tools:

   This should create the file bootloader/sdks/osx/osxcross.tar.xz,which will then be installed on the build-system.

   If for some reason this fails, try running vagrantprovisionbuild-osxcross.

3. This virtual machine is no longer used, you may now want to discard itusing vagrantdestroybuild-osxcross.

Building the Bootloader¶

Again, simply use the Vagrantfile to automatically build the OS X bootloaders:

This should create the bootloaders in* ../PyInstaller/bootloader/Darwin-*/.

3. This virtual machine is no longer used, you may now want to discard itusing:

4. If you are finished with the OS X bootloaders, unset TARGET again:

If you don’t want to use the build-guest provided by the Vagrant file,perform the following steps(see build_bootloader_target_osx in the Vagrantfile):

Building for Windows¶

The pre-compiled bootloader coming with PyInstaller areself-contained static executable that imposes no restrictionson the version of Python being used.

When building the bootloader yourself, you have to carefully choosebetween three options:

1. Using the Visual Studio C++ compiler.

   This allows creating self-contained static executables,which can be used for all versions of Python.This is why the bootloaders delivered with PyInstaller are build usingVisual Studio C++ compiler.

   You can use any Visual Studio version that is convenient(as long as it’s supported by the waf build-tool).

2. Using the MinGW-w64 suite.

   This allows to create smaller, dynamically linked executables,but requires to use the samelevel of Visual Studio [3]as was used to compile Python.So this bootloader will be tied to a specific version of Python.

   The reason for this is, that unlike Unix-like systems, Windows doesn’tsupply a system standard C library,leaving this to the compiler.But Mingw-w64 doesn’t have a standard C library.Instead it links against msvcrt.dll, which happens to existon many Windows installations – but i not guaranteed to exist.

3. Using cygwin and MinGW.

   This will create executables for cygwin, not for ‘plain’ Windows.

In all cases you may want

• to set the path to include python, e.g. setPATH=%PATH%;c:python35,
• to peek into the Vagrantfile or../appveyor.yml to learn how we are building.

You can also build the bootloaders for cygwin.

Build using Visual Studio C++¶

• With our wscript file, you don’t need to run vcvarsall.bat to ’switch’the environment between VC++ installations and target architecture. Theactual version of C++ does not matter and the target architecture isselected by using the --target-arch= option.

• If you are not using Visual Studio for other work, installing only thestandalone C++ build-tools might be the best option as it avoids bloatingyour system with stuff you don’t need (and saves a lot if installationtime).

  Hint

  We recommendinstalling the build-tools software using thechocolatey package manager.While at a first glance it looks like overdose, this is the easiestway to install the C++ build-tools. It comes down to two lines in anadministrative powershell:

• Useful Links:

After installing the C++ build-toolyou can build the bootloader as shown above.

Build using MinGW-w64¶

Please be aware of the restrictions mentioned above.

If Visual Studio is not convenient,you can download and install the MinGW distribution from one of thefollowing locations:

• MinGW-w64 required, uses gcc 4.4 and up.
• TDM-GCC - MinGW (not used) and MinGW-w64 installers

Note: Please mind that using cygwin’s python or MinGWwhen running ./waf willcreate executables for cygwin, not for Windows.

On Windows, when using MinGW-w64, add PATH_TO_MINGWbinto your system PATH. variable. Before building thebootloader run for example:

Now you can build the bootloader as shown above.If you have installed both Visual C++ and MinGW,you might need to add run python./waf--gccall.

Build using cygwin and MinGW¶

Please be aware thatthis will create executables for cygwin, not for ‘plain’ Windows.

Use cygwin’s setup.exe to install python and mingw.

Now you can build the bootloader as shown above.

Building for AIX¶

• By default AIX builds 32-bit executables.
• For 64-bit executables set the environment variable OBJECT_MODE.

If Python was built as a 64-bit executablethen the AIX utilities that work with binary files(e.g., .o, and .a) may need the flag -X64.Rather than provide this flag with every command,the preferred way to provide this settingis to use the environment variable OBJECT_MODE.Depending on whether Python was build as a 32-bit or a 64-bit executableyou may need to set or unsetthe environment variable OBJECT_MODE.

To determine the size the following command can be used:

When the answer is True (as above) Python was build as a 32-bitexecutable.

When working with a 32-bit Python executable proceed as follows:

When working with a 64-bit Python executable proceed as follows:

Note

The correct setting of OBJECT_MODE is also needed when youuse PyInstaller to package your application.

To build the bootloader you will need a compiler compatible (identical)with the one used to build python.

Note

Python compiled with a different version of gcc that you are usingmight not be compatible enough.GNU tools are not always binary compatible.

If you do not know which compiler that was,this command can help you determineif the compiler was gcc or an IBM compiler:

If the compiler is gcc you may need additional RPMs installedto support the GNU run-time dependencies.

When the IBM compiler is used no additional prerequisites are expected.The recommended value for CC with the IBM compilers is:command:xlc_r.

Vagrantfile Virtual Machines¶

PyInstaller maintains a set of virtual machine description for testing and(cross-) building. For managing these boxes, we use vagrant.

All guests [4] will automatically build the bootloader when runningvagrant up GUEST orvagrant provision GUEST. They will build both 32- and 64-bit bootloaders.

All guests (except of darwin64), when building the bootloaders, are sharingthe PyInstaller distribution folder and will put the built executables ontothe build-host (into ../PyInstaller/bootloader/).

Most boxes requires two Vagrant plugins to be installed:

Example usage:

You can pass some parameters for configuring the Vagrantfile by settingenvironment variables, like this:

or like this:

We currently provide this guests:

Check compatibility

You can upgrade to OS X El Capitan from OS X Snow Leopard or later on any of the following Mac models. Your Mac also needs at least 2GB of memory and 8.8GB of available storage space.

MacBook introduced in 2009 or later, plus MacBook (13-inch, Aluminum, Late 2008)
MacBook Air introduced in late 2008 or later
MacBook Pro introduced in mid 2007 or later
Mac mini introduced in early 2009 or later
iMac introduced in mid 2007 or later
Mac Pro introduced in early 2008 or later
Xserve models introduced in early 2009

To find your Mac model, memory, storage space, and macOS version, choose About This Mac from the Apple menu . If your Mac isn't compatible with OS X El Capitan, the installer will let you know.

Make a backup

Before installing any upgrade, it’s a good idea to back up your Mac. Time Machine makes it simple, and other backup methods are also available. Learn how to back up your Mac.

Get connected

It takes time to download and install OS X, so make sure that you have a reliable Internet connection. If you're using a Mac notebook computer, plug it into AC power.

Download OS X El Capitan

For the strongest security and latest features, find out whether you can upgrade to macOS Catalina, the latest version of macOS.

If you still need OS X El Capitan, use this link: Download OS X El Capitan. A file named InstallMacOSX.dmg will download to your Mac.

Install the macOS installer

Double-click the downloaded file to open a window showing its contents. Then double-click the file within, named InstallMacOSX.pkg.

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• OS X El Capitan won't install on top of a later version of macOS, but you can erase your disk first or install on another disk.
• You can use macOS Recovery to reinstall macOS.